Bil Egelhoff

Bill Egelhoff

 

 

William F. Egelhoff, Jr., NIST Fellow

Metallurgy Division

Materials Science & Engineering Laboratory

National Institute of Standards & Technology

100 Bureau Dr., Mail Stop 8552

Gaithersburg MD 20899-8552

 

Telephone: (30l) 975-2542

Facsimile: (30l) 975-8266

Electronic mail: egelhoff@nist.gov

 

 

Biographical Information

 

Hampden-Sydney College, B.S., Magna Cum Laude, 1971

Hampden-Sydney, VA

Major: Chemistry

University of Cambridge, Ph.D., 1975, Physical Chemistry

Cambridge, U.K.

Thesis: Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of atoms and molecules

adsorbed on W(100)

 

Postdoctoral Fellow 1975-76

Chemistry Department

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, CA

 

Research Physicist 1976-1979

Physics Department

General Motors Research Laboratories

Warren, MI

 

Awards, Honors, and Recognition

Phi Beta Kappa, 1971

NBS Bronze Medal, 1985

NIST Silver Medal, 1989

NIST Competence Program Award, 1991

Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1991

Divisional Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, 1996-2002

NIST Stratton Award, 1998

NIST Competence Program Award, 2003

NIST Gold Medal 2003

 

Research Interests

  • Thin-film magnetism
  • Magnetoresistance effects (Ballistic, Giant, Anisotropic, Tunneling)
  • Magnetic sensors
  • Ultra-high-density data storage media
  • Spintronics
  • Molecular beam and magnetron deposition of magnetic thin films
  • Surfactants in thin-film growth
  • Thin film growth morphology
  • Interfacial reactions between metals
  • Specular electron scattering in thin films
  • Electrodeposition of patterned media
  • X-ray photoelectron diffraction in epitaxial films,
  • Core-level binding-energy shifts

Research Facility

 

 

 

Need: New and improved materials for magnetic sensors and ultrahigh density data storage

 

Objective: Develop the needed measurement technology and apply it to the scientific issues underlying the manufacturing process to put manufacturing on a scientific basis to improve quality.

 

Customers: Magnetic data storage industry. Government labs and universities that do related research.

 

Present and past collaborators

Prof. Ed Nowak, Univ.. of Delaware

Dr. Alan Edelstein, Army Research Labs

Dr. Ben Schrag, Micromagnetics

Prof. Tony Bland, Univ. of Cambridge

Prof. Jack Judy, Univ. of Minnesota

Prof. Anne Reilly, William & Mary

Prof. Bob Buhrman, Cornell Univ.

Prof. Ami Berkowitz, UCSD

Mr. John Read, Cornell Univ.

Prof. Amanda Petford-Long, Argonne Natl. Lab

Prof. Brian Tanner, Univ. of Durham

Dr. Stuart Parkin, IBM

Dr. Walther Schwarzacher, Univ. of Bristol

Prof. Nicholas Garcia, CSIC, Madrid

Prof. Dennis Drew, Univ. of Maryland

Prof. Larry Bennett, George Wash. Univ.

Dr. Chantal Sudbrack, Argonne Natl. Lab

Dr. Ann Chiaramonti Debay, Argonne Natl. Lab

Dr. Mark Kief, Seagate

Prof. Mel Gomez, Univ. of Maryland

Dr. Jon Slaughter, Motorola,

Dr. Saied Tehrani, Motorola

Dr. George Spanos, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Tom Anthony, Hewlett-Packard

Dr. Jim Brug, Hewlett-Packard

Dr. Todd Hylton Commonwealth Scientific

Dr. David Baldwin, 4-Wave

Dr. Larry Sheppard, Integrated MagnetoElect.

Dr. Jennifer Zinck, Hughes Malibu Labs

Dr. Jim Daughton, Nonvolatile Electronics

Dr. Jon Slaughter, Motorola,

Prof. Fred Spada, UCSD

Dr. Robin Farrow, IBM

Dr. Dian Song, Seagate

Dr. Hua-Ching Tong, Read-Rite

Dr. Erik Svedberg, Seagate

Dr. Mark Tondra, NVE

Dr. John Hautala, Epion Corp.

Dr. Theodore Zhu, Honeywell

Dr. Santos Alvarado, IBM

Dr. Miklos Menyhard, Inst. of Phys., Budapest

Prof. Brett Heinrich, Simon Fraser Univ.

Prof. Sergio Rezende, Fed. Univ. Pern., Brazil

Dr. Jack Rowe, Bell Labs

Dr. Gary Tibbetts, General Motors

Dr. Berry Jonker, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Vince Harris, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Bill Butler, Oak Ridge National Labs

Dr. Gerald Woods, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Bob Soulen, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Mike Osofsky, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Matthew Wormington, Bede Scientific

Dr. Mark Johnson, Naval Research Labs

Dr. Dave Norman, Argonne National Lab oo

Prof. Mike McHenry, Carnegie Mellon Univ.

Prof. Tom McGill, Caltech

Prof. Devish Misra, Univ. of Louisana

Prof. David Smith, Arizona State Univ.

Dr. Peter Zhdan, Univ. of Surry

Prof. Ed Della Torre, George Wash. Univ.

Dr. Ingolf Lindau, Lund University

Prof. Henry Weinberg, Caltech

Dr. Jagadeesh Moodera, MIT

Prof. Ivan Schuller, UCSD

Prof. Harsh Chopra, SUNY Buffalo

Prof. Boris Nagorny, Wayne State Univ..

Dr. Mike Seigler, Seagate

Prof. Tony Arrott, Virginia State Univ.

Prof. Ted Madey, Rutgers Univ.

Prof. John Cochran, Simon Fraser Univ.

Prof. Paul Holloway, Univ. of Florida

Prof. John Cochran, Simon Fraser Univ.

Dr. Brian Urquhart, Simon Fraser Univ.

Prof. Matthias Wuttig, Univ. of Maryland

Prof. John Gregg, Univ. of Oxford, U.K.

Dr. Mark Covington, Seagate

Dr. Bob Armstrong, NRC, Canada

Dr. Gino Serpa, Booz Allen & Hamilton

Prof. Mike Coey, Trinity College, Dublin,

Dr. Bryan Hickey, Leeds Univ., U.K..

Prof. Peter Riedi, St. Andrews Univ. U.K.

Mr. Dov Barak, NRCN Israel

Mr. Danny Trosh, NRCN Israel

Dr. John Chapman, Univ. of Glasgow

Dr. Dan Seigerwald, Hewlett-Packard

Prof. Seongtae Bae, Nat. Univ. Singapore

Prof. John Dutcher, Guelph Univ.

Prof. Mietek Jalochowski, Univ. Lublin,

Dr. Jerzy Czyzewski, Inst. Expt. Phys. Wroclaw

Prof. Fu Rong Chen ,Taiwan Nat. Univ.

Dr. Isaac Jacob, NRCN Israel

Mr. Yagil Kadmon, NRCN Israel

Dr. Graham Nyberg, Latrobe Univ.

Dr. Evgueni Tsymbal, Univ. of Oxford

Prof. C.-G. Lee, Changwon Nat. Univ.

Mr. Jacob Nir, NRCN Israel

Dr. Bill Allison, Univ. of Cambridge

Dr. Isaac Jacob, Ben Gurion Univ., Israel

Mr. Hanania Ettedgui, NRCN Israel

Mr. Yagil Kadmon, NRCN Israel

Mr. Elias Marcus, NRCN Israel

Mr. Moshe Schmuoli, NRCN Israel


 

 

Publications

 

1. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Linnett and D. L. Perry, "UPS Studies of the Adsorption and Decomposition of Methanol and Formaldehyde on a Tungsten (100) Surface," J. Elect. Spectr. 5, 339 (1974).

2. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Linnett and D. L. Perry, "Ultraviolet Photoemission Studies of CO, N2, and Carbon Absorbed on W(100)," Fara. Disc. of the Chem. Soc., No. 59, 34, 1974.

3. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "UPS of Atoms and Molecules Adsorbed on W(100)," Ph.D. Thesis, January 1975.

4. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and D. L. Perry, "Angular Dependence of the Photoelectron Spectra of Hydrogen Adsorbed on W(100)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 93 (1975).

5. J. W. Linnett, D. L. Perry, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Identification of Localized and Delocalized Adsorbate Orbitals on W(100) by Photoelectron Spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 36, 331 (1975).

6. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Linnett and D. L. Perry, "The Dependence of the Photoelectron Intensity from the Surface State of W(100) on Photon Energy: Evidence for the p.A Mode of Photoemission," Phys. Rev. Letters 36, 98, (1976).

 

7. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Linnett, and D. L. Perry, "The Adsorption of Methanol, Formaldehyde, and Ammonia on W(100) Studied by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy," Fara. Disc. of the Chem. Soc., 60, 127, (1976).

8. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Linnett, and D. L. Perry, "The Adsorption of Mercury on Tungsten (100) Studied by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy," Surface Sci. 54, 670 (1976).

9. V. P. Ivanov, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and W. H. Weinberg, "The Chemisorption of Oxygen on the Ir(111) Surface," Surface Sci. 61, 28 (1976).

10. P. A. Zhdan, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and W. H. Weinberg, "An XPS and UPS Investigation of the Chemisorption of CO on Ir(111)," Chem. Phys. Lett. 44, 528 (1976).

11. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., W. H. Weinberg, P. A. Zhdan and G. K. Boreskov, "An XPS Investigation of the Decomposition of NO on Ir(111)," J. Catal. 45, 281 (1976).

 

12. P. A. Zhdan,, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "An XPS Investigation of the Chemisorption of Oxygen on the Iridium (111) Surface," Surface Sci. 61, 207 (1976).

13. P. A. Zhdan, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "The Application of XPS to the Determination of the Reaction Kinetics of the CO Oxidation Reaction on Ir(111)," Surface Sci. 61, 377 (1976).

14. W. H. Weinberg, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and S. P. Withrow, "The Dynamics of Oxygen Adsorption on Iridium (111)," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 482 (1977).

 

15. V. P. Ivanov, V. I. Savchenko, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and W. H. Weinberg, "The Oxidation of CO on the Ir(111) Surface," J. Catal. 48, 482 (1977).

16. P. A. Zhdan, G. K. Boreskov, A. I. Boronin, A. P. Schepelin, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Nitric Oxide on Iridium(111) Studied by X-ray and UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy," Appl. Surf. Sci. 1, 25 (1977).

17. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and T. P. Schreiber, "Auger Analysis of Sulfur on Diesel Particulates," G. M. Res. Publications, March 1977.

18. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., G. G. Tibbetts and J. M. Burkstrand, "A Photoemission Study of a Sub-Monolayer Film of Copper on the Basal Plane of Graphite," G. M. Res. Publications, March 1977.

19. V. P. Ivanov, G. K. Boreskov, V. I. Savchenko, V. L. Taturov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "The Chemisorption and Reaction of Oxygen and CO on Ir(111)," Kinetika i Kataliz (Russian) 18, 570 (1977).

 

20. V. P. Ivanov, G. K. Boreskov, V. I. Savchenko, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "A Study of the Chemisorption and Reaction of Oxygen and CO on Ir(110)," Kinetika i Kataliz (Russian) 18, 575 (1977).

21. P. A. Zhdan, G. K. Boreskov, A. I. Boronin, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "X-ray and UV Photoemission Studies of the Chemisorption of Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen, and Nitric Oxide on the (111) Plane of Iridium," Kinetika i Kataliz (Russian) 18, 571 (1977).

22. W. H. Weinberg, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., V. P. Ivanov, V. L. Tataurov and G. K. Boreskov, "A Comparison of the Ir(111) and Ir(110) Surfaces in the Adsorption and Reaction of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide," Proc. 7th Int. Vac. Cong., North Holland, Vienna, 1977, p. 1151.

 

23. G. G. Tibbetts and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A Quasiatomic Excitation in Bulk Nickel," Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 188 (1978).

 

24. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and G. G. Tibbetts, "A Photoelectron Study of Pd, Ni, and Cu Clusters on Carbon Surfaces," Solid State Comm. 29, 53 (1979).

25. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Freon (F-11 and F-12) Disposal," G. M. Res. Publications, August 1978.

26. G. G.Tibbetts and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "The Growth of Thin Metal Films on Carbon," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 661 (1979).

 

27. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and G. G. Tibbetts, "Growth of Copper, Nickel, and Palladium Films on Graphite and Amorphous Carbon," Phys. Rev. B 19, 5028 (1979).

28. P. A. Zhdan, A. P. Schepelin, A. I. Boronin, G. K. Boreskov, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "Photoelectron Spectroscopic Evidence for the Oxidation of Ir(111)," J. Catal. 62, 180 (1980).

29. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and S. C. Chang, "An Analysis of a Tin Oxide NO Sensor," G. M. Res. Publications, August 1979.

 

30. P. A. Zhdan, G. K. Boreskov, A. I. Boronin, A. P. Schepelin, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and W. H. Weinberg, "Nitric Oxide Adsorption and Decomposition on the (111) and (110) Surfaces of Iridium," J. Catal. 60, 9399 (1979).

31. G. G Tibbetts. and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Thin Mixed Valent Films of Ytterbium Aluminum Alloy," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17, 458 (1980).

32. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and G. G. Tibbetts, "Valence Charges During Autoionization and Auger Emission in a Ytterbium Aluminum Alloy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 482 (1980).

33. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A Photoconducting Sensor for Exhaust Gases," G. M. Record of Invention, August 1979.

34. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "The Nitric Oxide Reduction," in The Chemical Physics of Solids, Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, D. P. Woodruff and D. A. King, Eds., Elsevier, London, 1982, p. 397. (Invited review article).

35. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., G. G. Tibbetts, M. H. Hecht and I. Lindau, "Photoemission Studies on Thulium," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 18, 599 (1981).

36. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., G. G. Tibbetts, M. H. Hecht and I. Lindau, "Determination of the Decay Channel of the 4d 4f Resonance in Thulium," Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1071 (1981).

 

37. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Thin Ag Films on Al(001)," Appl. of Surf. Sci. 11/12, 761 (1982).

38. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and G. G. Tibbetts, "Photoemission Studies of a Mixed Valent Ytterbium-Aluminum Alloy," (extended abstract) VI International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics, Vol. 1, Charlottesville, (1980) p. 20.

 

39. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Electronic Structure Evolution of Au, Ag, and Cu Deposited on Al(001)," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 20, 668 (1982).

40. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Thermochemical Values for CuNi Surface Segregation Deduced from Core-Level Binding-Energy Shifts," Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 587 (1983).

 

41. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Thermochemistry of Interface and Surface Segregation and Chemisorption from Core Level Binding Energy Shifts," (extended abstract) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A l, 1102 (1983).

42. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Surface Electronic Structure and Screening of 3d-Band Holes in Cu(100)," Phys. Rev. B 29, 4769 (1984).

43. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A Core-Level Binding-Energy-Shift Analysis of Adsorption and Desorption," Phys. Rev. B 29, 3681 (1984).

44. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A Core-Level Binding-Energy-Shift Analysis of N2 on Ni(100)," (extended abstract) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 1013 (1984).

 

45. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Surface Electronic Structure Changes Induced by Chemisorption," (extended abstract) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 932 (1984).

46. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Growth Morphology Determination in the Initial Stages of Epitaxy by XPS," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2, 350 (1984).

47. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "N2 on Ni(100): Angular Dependence of the N1s XPS Peaks," Surface Sci. 141, L324 (1984).

48. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Forward Scattering: A New Tool for Studying Epitaxial Growth and Core-Level Binding Energy Shifts," Phys. Rev. B 30, 1052 (1984).

49. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Angle-Resolved XPS of the Epitaxial Growth of Cu on Ni(100)," in Structure of Surfaces, (Proc. of the First International Conference on the Structure of Solid Surfaces), M.A. Van Hove and S.Y. Tong, Eds, Springer, Berlin, 1985, p. 199.

50. R. A. Armstrong. and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "An Analysis of Angular Dependent XPS Peak Intensities. Surface Sci. 154, L225 (1985).

51. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "The XPS Searchlight Effect: A New Analytical Tool for Layered Structures, Epitaxy, and Interfaces," Material Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 37, 443 (1985).

52. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A Core-Level Binding-Energy Shift Analysis of CO, H, and O Adsorption on Cu-Ni Surfaces," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 3, 1305 (1985).

53. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "A New Tool for Studying Epitaxy and Interfaces: The XPS Searchlight Effect," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 3, 1511 (1985).

 

54. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., " Summary Abstract: X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Forward Scattering: A Structural Probe for Studying Ultra-Thin Epitaxial Films and Interfaces," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 4, 758 (1986).

55. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Core-Level Binding-Energy Shifts in Solids and at Surfaces," Surface Science Reports 6, 253 (1987). (Invited review article)

 

56. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "XPS and Auger Forward Scattering in Epitaxial Films," Physics News Section of Physics Today January 1987, p. S-69. (Invited news article)

 

57. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Summary Abstract: The Importance of Multiple Scattering in XPS and Auger Electron Diffraction in Crystals," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 1684 (1987).

 

58. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Summary Abstract: Heats of Adsorption of Atomic C, N, and O on Ni(100) and Cu(100) from a (Z+1) Core-Level Shift Analysis," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5, 700 (1987).

 

59. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Structural Characterization of Thin Metal Overlayers by X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Forward Scattering," Mat. Res. Soc. Proceedings 83, 189 (1987).

 

60. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "The Role of Multiple Scattering in XPS and Auger Electron Diffraction in Crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 559 (1987).

 

61. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "UHV Leak Sealing with a Silicon Resin Product," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A 6, 2584, (1988).

 

62. D. A. Steigerwald. and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Epitaxial fcc-Fe Films on Cu(100)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2558 (1988).

 

63. D. A. Steigerwald and Egelhoff, Jr., W. F., "Observation of Intensity Oscillations in RHEED During the Epitaxial Growth of Cu and fcc Fe on Cu(100)," Surface Sci. 192, L887 (1987).

 

64. D. A. Steigerwald and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Two Simple, Metal Vapor Deposition Sources for a Downward Evaporation in Ultra-High Vacuum," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 3123 (1989). (Won the J.V.S.T. Shop Note Award)

 

65. D. A. Steigerwald and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Growth of Ultrathin Fe Films on Cu(100): Mechanisms, Morphology and Stability," (extended abstract) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 1995 (1988).

 

66. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., D. A. Steigerwald, J. E. Rowe, and T. D. Bussing, "Short-Range Order in Submonolayer Ni on GaAs(110) by XPS Forward Scattering," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 1495 (1988).

 

67. J. R. Dutcher, B. Heinrich, J. F. Cochran, D. A. Steigerwald, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Magnetic Properties of Sandwiches and Superlattices of fcc- Fe(001) Grown on Cu(001) Substrates," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 3464 (1988).

 

68. B. Heinrich, K. B. Urquhart, J. R. Dutcher, J. F. Cochran, A. S. Arrott, D. A. Steigerwald, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Large Surface Anisotropies in Ultrathin Films of bcc and fcc Fe(001)," J. Appl. Phys. 63, 3863 (1988).

 

69. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "XPS Forward Scattering Studies of Epitaxial Overlayers and Sandwich Structures of Au and Ag on Ni(100)," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 730 (1988).

 

70. D. A. Steigerwald and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Structural Study of the Epitaxial Growth of fcc-Fe Films, Sandwiches, and Superlattices on Cu(100)," Surface Sci., 202, 472, (1988).

 

71. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and D.A. Steigerwald, "The Role of Adsorbed Gases in Metal on Metal Epitaxy," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 7, 2167 (1989).

 

72. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and I. Jacob, "RHEED Oscillations at 77 K," Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 621 (1988).

 

73. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "X-Ray Photoelectron Forward Scattering Studies of Surface Segregation in Epitaxial Ni-Cu-Ni(100) Sandwich Structures," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 7, 2060 (1989).

 

74. J. R. Dutcher, J. F. Cochran, I. Jacob, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Brillouin Light Scattering Intensities for Thin Magnetic Films with Large Perpendicular Ansoiotropies," Phys Rev. B 39, 10430 (1989).

 

75. W. Schwarzacher, W. Allison, R. F. Willis, J. Penfold, R. C Ward, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Variation in Magnetic Properties of Cu/fcc-Fe/Cu(001) Sandwich Structures," Solid State Commun. 71, 563 (1989).

 

76. B. Heinrich, J. F. Cochran, A. S. Arrott, S. T. Purcell, K. B. Urquhart, J. R. Dutcher, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Development of Magnetic Anisotropies in Ultrathin Epitaxial Films of Fe(001) and Ni(001)," Applied Physics A 49, 473 (1989). (Invited review article)

 

77. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Forward Scattering: A New Tool for Surface Crystallography," CRC Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Science 16, 213 (1990). (Invited review article)

 

78. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., I. Jacob, J. M. Rudd, J. F. Cochran, and B. Heinrich, "XPS and Auger Forward Scattering Studies of Lattice Expansions and Contractions in Epitaxial Films," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A8, 1582 (1990).

 

79. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. W. Gadzuk, C. J. Powell, and M. A. Van Hove, "Auger Electron Angular Distributions: Forward Focusing or Silhouettes?" (letter to the editor) Science 248, 1129 (1990).

 

80. W. R. Bennett, W. Schwarzacher, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Concurrent Oscillations in Kerr Rotation and Antiferromagnetic Coupling in Epitaxial Fe/Cu/Fe Structures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3169 (1990).

 

81. J. F. Cochran, W. B. Muir, J. M. Rudd, B. Heinrich, Z. Celinski, T.-T. LeTran, W. Schwarzacher, W. R. Bennett, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin fcc-Fe Films Grown on Cu(100)," J. Appl. Phys. 69, 5206 (1991).

 

82. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., "XPS and Auger Forward-Scattering Studies of the Epitaxial Growth of Fe on Ag(100)," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 229, 27 (1991).

(Invited paper, based on invited talk)

 

83. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and M. T. Kief, "Antiferromagnetic Exchange Coupling in Co/Cu/Co and Fe/Cu/Fe Multilayers on Cu(111)," Phys. Rev. B 45, 7795 (1992).

 

84. W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and M. T. Kief, " Co/Cu/Co and Fe/Cu/Fe Multilayers on Cu(111): The Absence of Antiferromagnetic Exchange Coupling," IEEE Trans. Mag. 28, 2742 (1992).

 

85. "XPS Forward Scattering Studies of Fe on Ag(100): Evidence for Exchange Diffusion at 100 K," (extended abstract) W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., in DoE Workshop on Surface Diffusion and the Growth of Materials, P. J. Feibelman, G. L. Kellogg, and T. A. Michalske, Eds., Sandia Nat. Labs., Santa Fe, 1992.

 

86. "Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin fcc-Fe (001) Films Grown on Cu(100) Substrates," J. F. Cochran, W. B. Muir, J. M. Rudd, M. From, B. Heinrich, W. R. Bennett, W. Schwarzacher, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 45, 4676 (1992).

 

87. "Growth and Structure of Fe and Co Thin Films on Cu(111), Cu(100), and Cu(110): A Comprehensive Study of Metastable Film Growth," M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 47, 10785 (1993).

 

88. "Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Epitaxial Ultrathin Films of Fe and Co on Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111)," M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 73, 6195 (1993).

 

89. "Face-Centered-Cubic(111) to Body-Centered Cubic (110) Transion in Epitaxial Fe on Cu(111)," M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11, 1661 (1993).

 

90. "Spot-Profile Analyzing LEED Study of the Epitaxial Growth of Fe, Co, and Cu on Cu(100)." G. L. Nyberg, M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 48, 14509 (1993).

 

91. "Semiclassical Explanation of the Generalized Ramsauer-Townsend Minima in Electron-Atom Scattering," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2883 (1993).

 

92. "Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Epitaxial Ultrathin Films of Fe and Co on Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111)," M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys., 73, 6195 (1993).

.

93. "Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial 6 ML fcc-Fe/Cu(100) Films," L. J. Swartendruber, L. H. Bennett, M. T. Kief and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 313, 237 (1994).

 

94. "XPS and Auger Forward Scattering: A Structural Diagnostic for Epitaxial Thin Films," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., pp. 220-304 in Thin Film Magnetism, B. Heinrich and J.A.C. Bland, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1994.

(Invited review article)

 

95. "Magnetoresistance Values exceeding 21% in Symmetric Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., T. Ha, R.D.K. Misra, Y. Kadmon, J. Nir, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen, J. H. Judy, K. Takano, A. E. Berkowitz, T.C. Anthony, and J. A. Brug, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 273 (1995).

 

96. "Improved Thermal Stability of GMR Spin Valve Films," R. D. McMichael, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and M. Ha, a Proc. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp., Vol. 384, 397 (1995).

 

97. "An STM Study of GMR Spin Valves" R.D.K. Misra, T. Ha, Y. Kadmon, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen, and J. H. Judy, Proc. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp., Vol. 384, 373 (1995).

 

98. "Thermal Degredation of Exchange Biased Films in Spin-Valves," R. D. McMichael, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and L. H. Bennett , IEEE Trans. Mag. 31, 3930 (1995).

 

99. "Growth of GMR Spin Valves Using Indium as a Surfactant," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, and R. D. McMichael, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 2491 (1996).

 

100. "Optimizing the GMR of Symmetric and Bottom Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen, J. H. Judy, K. Takano, A. E. Berkowitz, T.C. Anthony, and J. A. Brug, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5277 (1996).

 

101. "Low Temperature Growth of GMR Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., T. Ha, R.D.K. Misra, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen,and J. H. Judy, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 282 (1996)

 

102. "The Trade-Off between Large GMR and Small Coercivity in Symmetric Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen, J. H. Judy, K. Takano, and A. E. Berkowitz, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 8603 (1996).

 

103. "Growth of GMR Spin Valves using Pb and Au as a Surfactant," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, C.-L. Lin, J. M. Sivertsen, J. H. Judy, K. Takano,and A. E. Berkowitz, J. Appl. Phys., 80, 5183 (1996).

 

104. "Origins of Coercivity Increase in Annealed Symmetric Spin Valves," R. D. McMichael, T. Watanabe, J. A. Dura, J. A. Borchers, P. J. Chen, H.J. Brown, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., IEEE Trans. Mag., 32, 4636 (1996).

 

105. "Magneto-optical Indicator Film Study of the Magnetization of a Symmetric Spin Valve," V. I. Nikitenko, V. S. Gornakov, L. M. Dedukh, Yu. P. Kabanov, A. F. Khapikov, L. H. Bennett, P. J. Chen, R. D. McMichael, M. J. Donahue, L. J. Swartzendruber, A. J. Shapiro, H. J. Brown, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., IEEE Trans. Mag., 32, 4639 (1996).

 

106. "Experimental Study of Magnetization Reversal Process in a Non-symmetric Spin Valve," V. S. Gornakov, V. I. Nikitenko, L. H. Bennett, H. J. Brown, M. J. Donahue, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., R. D. McMichael, and A. J. Shapiro, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5215 (1997).

 

107. "MR in Symmetric Spin-Valves: Nanostructure and Domain Dynamics," H. D. Chopra, B. J. Hockey, L. J. Swartzendruber, S. Z. Hua, P. J. Chen, K. Raj, D. S. Lashmore, M. Wuttig, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Nanostructured Mat. 9, 451 (1997).

 

108. "Anomalous Properties of Spin Valves at Elevated Temperatures," R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., IEEE Trans. Mag. 33, 3589 (1997).

 

109. "Magnetic Domains in Multilayers, Single Films, and Nanocomposites," H. D. Chopra, S. Z. Hua, D. S. Lashmore, M. Wuttig, R. D. Shull, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and L. J. Swartzendruber, Micro. Anal. 28, 15 (1998).

 

110. "Specular Electron Scattering in Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, J. H. Judy, K. Takano, A. E. Berkowitz, and J. M. Daughton, IEEE Trans. Mag. 33, 3580 (1998).

 

111. "Nanostructural Considerations in Giant Magnetoresistive Co-Cu-based Symmetric Spin Valves," H. D. Chopra, B. J. Hockey, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., M. Wuttig, and S. Z Hua, Phys. Rev. B 55, 8390 (1997).

112. " Observation of Domain Dynamics in GMR Co-Cu-based Polycrystalline Multilayer," S. Z. Hua, D. S. Lashmore, L. J. Swartzendruber, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., K. Raj, and H. D. Chopra, J. Appl. Phys.81, 4582 (1997)

 

113. "Nanostructure, Interfaces, and Magnetic Properties in Giant Magnetoresistance NiO-Co-Cu-based Spin Valves," H. D. Chopra, B. J. Hockey, P. J. Chen, R. D. McMichael, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 81, 4017 (1997).

 

114. "Oxygen as a Surfactant in the Growth of GMR Spin Valves," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, M. D. Stiles, R. D. McMichael, J. H. Judy, K. Takano,and A. E. Berkowitz, J. Appl. Phys., 82, 6142 (1997)

 

115. "Magnetic Domains in Multilayers, Single Films, and Nanocomposites," H. D. Chopra, S. Z. Hua, D. S. Lashmore, M. Wuttig, R. D. Shull, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and L. J. Swartzendruber, Amer. Micro. Anal. 28, 27 (1998).

 

116. "Fluorine as a Surfactant in the Deposition of a Monolayer of Fe on Cu(100)," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Surface Sci., 402-404, 32 (1998).

 

117. "Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth in thin fims coupled to NiO," R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, M. D. Stiles, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 83, 7073 (1998).

 

118. "Time and Tempearature Dependence of High Thermal Stability in NiO\Co\Cu\Co\M Spin Valves," R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., IEEE Trans. Mag, 34, 897 (1998).

 

119. "Nature of Coupling and Origin of Coercivity in Giant Magnetoresistance NiO-Co-Cu-based Spin Valves," H. D. Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, D. C. Parks, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys Rev. B 61, 9642 (2000).

 

120. "Optimizing GMR Spin Valves: The Outlook for Improved Properties ",W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, D. Parks, R. D. McMichael, J. H. Judy, . Martien, A. E. Berkowitz, and J. M. Daughton, Proc. 1998 International Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference, IEEE Publications, p. 34, Piscataway, NJ, 1998.

 

122. "Magneto-Optical Measurements of Ultrathin Co-Pt(111) Multilayers," R. A. Fry, L. H. Bennett, E. Della Torre, R. D. Shull, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., R.F.C. Farrow and C. H. Lee, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 193, 162 (1999).

 

123. "Surface Effects in the Growth of GMR Spin Valves", W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, D. Parks, R. D. McMichael, J. H. Judy, D. Mariten, A. E. Berkowitz, and J. M. Daughton, MRS Symp. Proc. 517, 289 (1999).

 

124. "Ferromagnetic resonance studies of NiO-coupled thin films of Ni80Fe20", R. D. McMichael, M. D. Stiles, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B. 58, 8605 (1998).

 

125. "Specular Electron Scattering in Metallic Thin Films" W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, D. Parks, G. Serpa, R. D. McMichael, D. Mariten and A. E. Berkowitz, Proc. 26th Conf. on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17, 1702 (1999).

 

126. "Nature of Magnetization reversal in exchange coupled NiO-Co bilayers," by H. D. Chopra, David X. Yang, P. J. Chen, H. J. Brown, L. J. Swartzendruber, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B. 61, 15312 (2000).

 

127. "Contributions to Switching Field in NiO-Co-based Spin Valves," by H. D. Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6986 (2000).

 

129. "Atomically engineered growth of spin valves using surfactants," H. D. Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Submitted to Science

 

130."Magnetization reversal in polycrystalline exchange coupled NiO-Co bilayers," by H. D. Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, H. J. Brown, L. J. Swartzendruber, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4942 (2000)

 

131. "Exchange bias relaxation in CoO Biased Films," R. D. McMichael, C. G. Lee, M. D. Stiles, P. J. Chen, F. G. Serpa, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys 87, 6406 (2000).

 

132. "Magnetization Ripple in Exchange Biased Thin Films," R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., to be submitted to J. Appl. Phys.

 

133. "Grazing Incidence X-ray Reflectometry (GIXR) studies of Si/SiO2 /(Fex/Al)x10 multilayers", F.G. Serpa, M.Gomez, W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Slaughter, Submitted to J. Appl. Phys.

 

134. "Grazing Incidence X-ray Reflectometry studies of Au deposited in Si and SiO2", F.G.Serpa, J.Pedulla, P.Chen, W.F.Egelhoff, Jr., Submitted to J. Appl. Phys.

 

135. "Study of surface oxidation as a diffusion barrier for Al deposited on ferromagnetic metals using grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry," W. F. Egelhoff Jr., P. J. Chen, R. D. McMichael, C. J. Powell, R. D. Deslattes, F. G. Serpa, R. D. Gomez, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5209 (2001).

 

136. "The Dependence of Exchange Coupling on the Surface Roughness and Structure in -Fe2O3 and NiFe/ -Fe2O3 Bi-layers" S. Bae, J. H. Judy, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and P. J. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6650 (2000).

 

137. "Bottom GMR Spin Valves Using a RF Reactive Bias Sputtered -Fe2O3 Antiferromagnetic Layer," S. Bae, J. H. Judy, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr, and P. J. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6980 (2000).

 

138. "Effects of Annealing on the GMR of Co-Cu-based Spin Valves," M. A. Mangan, G. Spanos, R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Metallurgical and Materials Trans. A, v. 32A, pp. 577-584 (2001).

 

139. "Carbon, A Bane of Giant Magnetoresistance Magnetic Multilayers," D. X. Yang, H. D. Chopra, B. Shashishekar,P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2943 (2002).

 

140. "Interfacial Roughness Effects on Interlayer Coupling in Spin Valves Grown on Different Seed Layers," D. C. Parks, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., R. D. Gomez, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 3023 (2000).

 

141. "Effects of Deposition Process Parameters on Exchange Coupling of a-Fe2O3/NiFe Bi-layers and GMR in a-Fe2O3/NiFe/Cu/NiFe Spin Valves," Seongtae Bae, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, and Jack H. Judy., IEEE Trans. Mag. 36, 2892 (2000)

 

142. "The Structural and Microscopic Analyses of a-Fe2O3/Co(NiFe)/Cu/Co(NiFe) Bottom GMR Spin Valves," Seongtae Bae, W. F. Egelhoff Jr., P. J. Chen, and Jack H. Judy, IEEE Trans. Mag. 36, 2617 (2000)

 

143. "Large Anisotropy Induced by Oblique sputtering of Ta Underlayers," R. D. McMichael, C. G. Lee, P. J. Chen, W. W. Miller, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 88, 5296 (2000).

 

144. "Hot Electron Attenuation Lengths in Ultrathin Magnetic Thin Films" R. P. Lu, B.A. Morgan, K. L. Kavanagh, C. J. Powell, P. J. Chen, F. G. Serpa, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 5164 (2000).

 

145. "Interfacial Scattering of Hot Electron in Ultrathin Au/Co Films" R. P. Lu, B.A. Morgan, K. L. Kavanagh, C. J. Powell, P. J. Chen, F. G. Serpa, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18, 2047 (2000). (PCSI-27 Conf.)

 

146. "Magnetic behavior of Atomically Engineered NiO-Co-Cu-based Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Valves Using Pb as a Surface Modifier," H. D. Chopra, E. J. Pepetski, H. J. Brown, P. J. Chen, L. J. Swartzendruber, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. Acta Materialia 48, 3501 (2000).

 

147. "Application of a-Fe2O3 bottom GMR spin-valves for Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)," S. Bae, J. H. Judy, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Z. Shayne, L. Sheppard, and E. J. Torok, Jpn. Metl. of Soc., 8, 1111-1113 (2001)

 

148. "Fabrication and Chemical Stability of Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) Cell Using an a-Fe2O3 Bottom Spin-Valves," S. Bae, S. Zurn, W. F. Egelhoff Jr., P. J. Chen, L. Sheppard, E. J. Torok, and J. H. Judy, IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, 3960, (2001)

 

149. "Surface and Interface Effects in the Growth of Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Valves for Ultrahigh-Density Data-Storage Applications." W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, and R. D. McMichael, Proceedings of the 20th International Seminar on Surface Physics, To be published by Progress in Surface Science, 2000.

 

150. "Exchange anisotropy in NiFe films on (100) NiO single-crystal substrate,"

S.M. Rezende, M.A. Lucena, A. Azevedo, A.B. Oliveira, F.M. de Aguiar, and W.F. Egelhoff, Jr, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 226-230, 1683-1685 (2001).

 

151. "Spin-glass and random-field effects in exchanged-biased NiFe film on a NiO single-crystal substrate," A. E. P. Araújo, F.L.A. Machado, A.R. Rodrigues, A. Azevedo, F.M. de Aguiar, J.R.L. de Almeida, S.M. Rezende, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 91, 7754 (2002).

 

152. "Magnetoelectronic Devices using a-Fe2O3 Bottom GMR Spin Valves," S. Bae, S. Zurn, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, L. Sheppard, E. J. Torok, and J. H. Judy, 37, 1986 (2001).

 

153. "High Thermal Stability of Exchange-Biased Bilayers and Bottom Ginat Magnetoresistive Spin Valve Using a-Fe2O3 Antiferromagnetic Layer," S. Bae, J. H. Judy, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and S. Zurn, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 4163 (2001).

 

154. “Surfactant Assisted Atomic Level Engineering of Spin Valves.” H. D. Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 65, 094433 (2002).

 

155. “Pinhole Coupling Strength In Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Valves: A Statistical Approach,” D. X. Yang, E. J. Repetski, H. D. Chopra, B. J. Spencer, D. C. Parks, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr.,

 

156. " Thermal Stability of Ta-pinned Spin Valves ," R. A. Fry, R. D. McMichael, J. E. Bonevich, P.J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., C.-G. Lee, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6825 (2001)

157. "Atomic Engineering of Spin Valves Using Ag as a Surfactant ," D. X. Wang, B. Shashishekar, H. D. Chopra, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys.Lett. 89, 7121 (2001)

 

158. "Strong Anisotropy in Thin Magnetic Films Deposited on Obliquely Sputtered Ta Underlayers," R. D. McMichael, C. G. Lee, P. J. Chen, W. W. Miller, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 88, 3561 (2000).

 

159."Features of Domain Nucleation and Growth in Co/Ru/Co Synthetic Antiferromagnets Deposited on Obliquely Sputtered Ta Underlayers," A.J. Shapiro, V.S. Gornakov, V.I. Nikitenko, R.D. McMichael, W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., Y. W. Tahk, R. D. Shull, L. Gan, J. Mag. Magn. Mat. 240, 70 (2002).

160. "Detection of Pinholes in Ultrathin Films by Magnetic Coupling," W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., L. Gan, P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, R. D. McMichael, R. A. Fry, and G. Beach, D. Martien, and A. E. Berkowitz, MRS Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 674, T1.2.1 (2001).

 

161. "Applications of Ferromagnetic and Optical Materials, Storage, and Magnetoelectronics," MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 674, H. J. Borg, K. Bussman, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr, L. Hesselink, S. A. Majetich, E. S. Murdock, B. J. H. Stadler, M. Vasquez, M. Wuttig, J. Q. Xaio, Editors, Materials Res. Society Press, Pittsburgh, in press.

 

162. "Ballistic Magnetoresistance in a Nanocontact between a Ni Cluster and a Magnetic Thin Film," M. Muñoz, , G.G. Qian, N. Karar, H. Cheng, I.G. Saveliev, N. García, T. P. Moffat, P. J. Chen, L. Gan, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett 79, 2946 (2001).

 

163. " Effects of Ar Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB) Processing on Surface Roughness,Crystalline Orientation Texture, Magnetic, and Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Properties of Reactively RF Sputtered a-Fe2O3 Bottom GMR Spin Valves ," S. Bae, J. H. Judy, P. J. Chen, L. Gan, W. F. Egelhoff Jr., J. Hautala, D. B. Fenner, IEEE Trans. Mag.

 

164. "Effects of Sputtering Angle on Surface Roughness, Chemical Composition, and GMR Behavior of NiO and a-Fe2O3 bottom spin-valves", Seongtae Bae, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and Jack H. Judy submitted to IEEE Trans. Magn.

 

165. "Magnetoelectronic characteristics of a GMR transpinnor and a magnetic random access memory using a closed-flux NiFe/Cu/CoFe/Cu/NiFe pseudo spin-valve", Seongtae Bae, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Shayne Zurn, Larry Sheppard, Edward J. Torok, and Jack H. Judy J. Appl. Phys. 91 8414 (2002).

 

166. "Structural Origin of Large Uniaxial Anisotropy Pinning Fields Induced by Obliquely Sputtered Underlayers," R. D. McMichael, J. E. Bonevich, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and G. C. Lee, J. Appl. Phys., in press.

 

167. "Structural, Magnetic, and Thermal Stability of IrMn Exchange Biased Layers," C. G. Lee, J G. Jung, R.D. McMichael, R. A. Fry, A. Chen, W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., and V.S. Gornakov, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 8566 (2002).

168. " Superconformal Electrodeposition of Silver in Submicron Features," T. P. Moffat, B. Baker, D. Wheeler, J. E. Bonavich, M. Edelstein, D. R. Kelly, L. Gan, G. R. Stafford, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and D. Josell., J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 C423 (2002).

 

169. " Structural Effects in the Growth of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Spin Valves," M. Menyhard, G. Zsolt, P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell, R. D. McMichael, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Surf. Sci. 180, 315 (2001).

 

170. " Ferromagnetic Resonance Mode Interactions in Periodically Perturbed Films," R. D. McMichael, D. J. Twisselmann, J. E. Bonavich, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and S. E. Russek, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 8647 (2002).

 

171. "Spin Polarization of Injected Electrons,” W. F. Egelhoff, Jr, M. J. Stiles, D. L. Pappas, D. T. Pierce, J. M. Byers, M. E. Johnson and B. T. Jonker, S. F. Alvarado, J. F. Gregg, J. A. C. Bland, and R. A. Buhrman, Science 296, 1195a (2002).

 

172. “Magnetoelectronic devices using alpha-Fe2O3 bottom GMR spin-valves" S. Bae, S. Zurn, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., P. J. Chen, E. J. Torok, R. Spitzer, and J. H. Judy, IEEE Trans. Mag. 37, 1986 (2001).

173. "Fabrication and Thermal-Chemical Stability of Magnetoresistive Random-Access Memory Cells Using a-Fe2O3 Bottom Spin Valves," S. Bae, S. Zum, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., L. Sheppard, E. J. Torok, and J. H. Judy, IEEE Trans. Mag. 37, 3960 (2001).

 

174. "Transpinnor: A New Giant Magnetoresistive Spin-Valve Device," E. J. Torok, S. Zurn, S. Bae,, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff Jr., L. E. Sheppard, R. Spitzer, and J. H. Judy, IEEE Trans. Mag., submitted.

 

175. "Three-layer model for exchange anisotropy," S.M. Rezende, A. Azevedo, and F.M. de Aguiar, J. R. Fermin, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and S.S.P. Parkin, Phys. Rev. B.66, 064109 (2002).

 

176. "Improved Interfaces and Magnetic Properties in Spin Valves Using a Ni80Fe20 Seed Layer, " E. J. Repetski, D. X. Yang, H. D. Chopra, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3891 (2002).

 

177. "Anomalous Switching of Antiparallel Coupled Co Layers Separated by a

Superthin Ru Spacer," V.S. Gornakov, V.I. Nikitenko, R.D. McMichael, W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., A.J. Shapiro, and R. D. Shull, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 8272 (2002).

 

178. "Pb-Ag as a mixture-surfactant in atomic engineering of spin valves", Harsh Deep Chopra, D. X. Yang, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. in preparation, J. Appl. Phys.

 

179. "Wedge-Shaped Absorbing Samples Look Left Handed: The Problem of Interpreting Negative Refraction, and It’s Solution.," M. Sanz, A. Papageorgopoulos, W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., M. Nieto-Vesperinas, and N. Garcia, . Rev. E 67 Art. No. 067601 (2003).

 

180. "Ultrafast Pump-Probe Laser Spectroscopy of the Half-Metal CrO2," H. Huang, K. Seu, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and A. Reilly, submitted to J. Appl. Phys.

 

181. “Determination of Interdiffusion Lengths within Sputtered Aluminium-Transition Metal Bilayers”, J.D.R. Buchanan, T.P.A.Hase, B.K.Tanner, P.J. Chen, L. Gan, C. J. Powell and W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B, in press.

 

182. Effects of annealing on the gmr and domain structure stabilization in a py/cu/py/mnir spin valve. C.-G. Lee, J.-G. Jung, V.S. Gornakov, R. D. McMichael, A. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr.. Mag. Mag. Mat. 272, 1887 (2004).

 

183. “Dependence of physical properties and giant magnetoresistance ratio on substrate position during rf sputtering of NiO and alpha-Fe2O3 for bottom spin valves,” S. Bae J. H. Judy, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett.81, 2208 (2002).

185. Universal Behavior of Ballistic Magnetoresistance versus Scaled Conductance in Atomic Nanocontacts,” S. H. Chung, N. Garcia, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and R. D. Gomez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 287203 (2002).

 

186. Anomalously large intermixing in aluminum-transition-metal bilayers,”J.D.R. Buchanan, T.P.A. Hase, B.K.Tanner, P.J. Chen, L. Gan, C. J. Powell and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 66 art. no. 104427 (2002)

 

187. Thin Al, Au, Cu, Ni, Fe and Ta Films as Oxidation Barriers for the Co in

Air, L. Gan, R. D. Gomez, C. J. Powell, R. D. McMichael,  P. J. Chen,

and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Journal of Applied Physics 93, 8731 (2003).

 

188. “Ultra-thin Aluminum Oxide as a Thermal Oxidation Barrier on Metal Films,” L. Gan, R. D. Gomez, A. Castillo, P. J. Chen, C. J. Powell,, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Thin Solid Films 415, 219 (2002).

 

189. “Three-layer model for exchange anisotropy,” S.M. Rezende, A. Azevedo, and F.M. de Aguiar, J. R. Fermin, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and S.S.P. Parkin,Phys. Rev. B.66, 064109 (2002).

 

190. “Ru spacer thickness dependences of the domain nucleation and growth in Co/Ru/Co synthetic antiferromagnet” V. S. Gornakov, V. I. Nikitenko, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., R. D. McMichael, A. J. Shapiro, R. D. Shull, J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 258, 345 (2003).

 

191. “Dependence of physical properties and giant magnetoresistance ratio on substrate position during rf sputtering of NiO and alpha-Fe2O3 for bottom spin valves,” S. Bae J. H. Judy, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett.81, 2208 (2002).

192. “Co Layer Thickness Dependence of Exchange Biasing of IrMn/Co and FeMn/Co,” K. Seu, H. Huang, J. L Showman, H. Showman, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and A. Reilly, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6611 (2003).

 

 

193. “Universal Scaling of Magnetoconductance in Magnetic Nanocontacts,” S. H. Chung, N. Garcia, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and R. D. Gomez, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 7939 (2003).

 

194. v “Intermixing of Aluminium-Magnetic Transition Metal Bilayers,”_ J.D.R. Buchanan, T.P.A.Hase, B.K.Tanner, P.J. Chen, L. Gan, C. J. Powell and W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., submitted to J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8044 (2003).

 

195. “Magnetoresistance magnetometry of (Ni80Fe20) 1-xIrx wires with varying anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio,” C.A.F. Vaz, E. Blackburn, M. Klaui, J.A. C. Bland, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., E. Cambril, G. Faini, and W. Wernsdorfer, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8104 (2003).

 

196. “Highly Deleterious Role of Small Amounts of Carbon in the Giant Magnetoresistance Effect,” D. X. Yang, E. J. Repetski, H. D. Chopra, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8415 (2003).

 

197. “Thin Al, Au, Cu, Ni, Ta, and Fe Films as Oxidation Barriers for the Co Surface in Air,” L. Gan, R. D. Gomez, C. J. Powell, R. D. McMichael, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8731 (2003).

 

198. “Magnetization Reversal in Epitaxial CrO2 Films,” I. L. Siu, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., H. D. Chopra, and D. X. Wang, J. Appl. Phys., 92, 5409 (2002).

 

199. “Absence of Ballistic Magnetoresistance (BMR) in Electrodeposited Ni Nanocontacts using Feedback control used to select the contact resistance,” Jonathan J. Mallett Erik B. Svedberg, Hanania Ettedgui, Thomas P. Moffat and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Rev., B 70, art. no. 172406 (2004)

 

200. Analysis of Point-contact Andreev Reflection Spectra in Spin Polarization Measurements,” G.T. Woods, R, J. Soulen Jr., I. I. Mazin., B. Nadgorny, M. S. Osofsky, J. Sanders, H. Srikanth, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and R. Datla , Phys. Rev. B submitted

 

201. “Resistance changes similar to ballistic magnetoresistance in electrodeposited nanocontacts,” Erik B. Svedberg, Jonathan J. Mallett, Hanania Ettedgui, Li Gan, P. J. Chen, Alexander J. Shapiro, Tom P. Moffat and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 236 (2004).

202. “Influence of interface alloying on the magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayersJ. Carrey and A. E. Berkowitz, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., D. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 5259 (2003)

203. “Artifacts in Ballistic Magnetoresistance Measurements,” W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., L. Gan, H. Ettedgui, Y. Kadmon, C. J. Powell, P. J. Chen, A. J. Shapiro, R. D. McMichael, J. J. Mallett, T. P. Moffat, M. D. Stiles, and E. B. Svedberg J.Appl. Phys. 95, 7554 (2004).

 

204. “Mixed Surfactants as a Novel Approach to Atomic Engineering of Spin Valves.” D. X. Yang, H. D. Chopra, P. J. Chen, and W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., IEEE Trans. Mag. submitted

 

205. “Compositional Control in Electrodeposition of FePt Films,” J.J. Mallett , E. B. Svedberg, S. Sayan, A. J. Shapiro, L. Wielunski, T.E. Madey, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and T. P. Moffat, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7, C121 (2004).

 

206. Compositional Control in Electrodeposition of CoPt Films J.J. Mallett , E. B. Svedberg, S. Sayan, A. J. Shapiro, L. Wielunskic), T.E. Madey, P. J. Chen, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. and T. P. Moffat, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (1) C15 (2005).

 

207. “Recrystallization Texture and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited FePt on Cu(001)”, E. B. Svedberg, J.J. Mallett, S. Sayan, A. J. Shapiro, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and T. P. Moffat, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1353 (2004)

 

208. “Artifacts that Could be Misinterpreted as Ballistic Magnetoresistance,” W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., L. Gan, E. B. Svedberg, C. J. Powell, A. J. Shapiro, R. D. McMichael, J.J. Mallett, T. P. Moffat, and M. D. Stiles, PMRC’04 Conf. Digests, in press.

 

209. “A Comparison of the Magnetic Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Ni, Zn, and Mn Ferrites Synthesized by Reverse Micelle Technique,” R.D.K. Misra, S. Gubbala, A. Kale, and W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., Mat. Sci. & Eng., B 111, 164 (2004).

 

210. “Artifacts that Mimic Ballistic Magnetoresistance,” W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., L. Gan, H. Ettedgui, Y. Kadmon, C. J. Powell, P. J. Chen, A. J. Shapiro, R. D. McMichael, J. J. Mallett, T. P. Moffat, M. D. Stiles, and E. B. Svedberg, J. Mag. Mag. Mat., in press

 

 

211. “Perpendicular Anisotropy in Co/Pd Multilayers”, J. I. Hong, S. Sankar, and A. E. Berkowitz, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr. submitted to JMMM

 

212. “Interface Intermixing and In-plane Grain Size in Aluminium-Transition Metal Bilayers,” J.D.R. Buchanan, T.P.A.Hase, B.K.Tanner, C. J. Powell, and W.F. Egelhoff, Jr., Phys. Rev

 

213. “Surface anisotropy of permalloy in NM/NiFe/NM multilayers, J. O. Ranchler, P. Chen, R. D. McMichael, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., B. B. Maranville, A. S. Aarott, S. K. Satija, and J. A. Borchers, submitted to J. Appl. Phys

 

214. “Origin of Novel Effects in High-Coercivity Air-Annealed CoPd Multilayers,” W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., R. D. McMichael, J. J. Mallett, A. J. Shapiro, C. J. Powell, and J. E. Bonevich, J. H. Judy, J. H. Thomas, and E. B. Svedberg, J. Appl. Phys. submitted

 

215. “Upper Critical Magnetic Field of a Superconductor as a function of Disorder,” R, J. Soulen Jr., I. I. Mazin., B. Nadgorny, M. S. Osofsky, J. Sanders, H. Srikanth, W. F. Egelhoff, Jr., and R. Datla , Phys. Rev. B submitted

 

 

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